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Prolapse is when the pelvic floor muscles become weak or damaged and can no longer support the pelvic organs. The movement of the vaginal wall from its normal position along with the bladder, bowel or womb is caused by damage to the ligaments in the pelvis. These ligaments act as guy ropes supporting the womb and the strength giving layers overlying the bowel and bladder.
The main causes of prolapse are childbearing and any condition leading to chronic straining (constipation, smokers cough or being overweight). The womb (uterus) is the only organ that actually falls into the vagina. When the bladder and bowel slip out of place, they push up against the walls of the vagina.
While prolapse is not considered a life threatening condition it may cause a great deal of discomfort and distress. Some degree of prolapse affects up to 30% of women who have had children. It is more common as women age, and is rarely seen in women without children, or those who have not gone through the menopause.
There are a number of different types of prolapse that can occur in a woman's pelvic area and these are divided into three categories according to the part of the vagina they affect: front wall, back wall or top of the vagina. It is not uncommon to have more than one type of prolapse.
A bladder prolapse - Cystocele, and prolapse of the urethra- Urethrocele. This is a prolapse of the front wall of the vagina with the bladder following behind.
Prolapse of the Rectum- Rectocele. This is a prolapse of the back wall of the vagina with the bowel coming down behind.
Prolapse of the Uterus- Uterine prolapse refers to the womb coming down through the vagina.
Prolapse may occur on its own or in conjunction with other symptoms such as incontinence or difficulty passing a bowel motion. Common complaints include the feeling of something "coming down" and discomfort or pain during sex.
There are a number of options available to treat prolapse. The choice of treatment depends on the degree of prolapse, how severe the symptoms are, age and health, and whether the woman is planning on having children in the future.
If the prolapse is mild to moderate and not causing any pain or discomfort, surgical treatment isn't necessary. However, there are some things a woman can do to improve the condition, prevent it from worsening and make it more comfortable:
Avoid standing for long periods of time.
Eat a high fibre diet with plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables and wholegrain bread and cereal, to prevent constipation and reduce straining.
Do regular pelvic floor exercises. These help strengthen weakened muscles, aid recovery after pelvic surgery, and may reduce symptoms like leaking urine and backache.
Lose weight and maintain a healthy weight
Avoid heavy lifting and straining.
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